https://en.opensuse.org/api.php?action=feedcontributions&user=Lproven&feedformat=atomopenSUSE Wiki - User contributions [en]2024-03-29T10:08:32ZUser contributionsMediaWiki 1.37.6https://en.opensuse.org/index.php?title=SDB:Network_installation&diff=141871SDB:Network installation2020-05-12T12:51:32Z<p>Lproven: Copy-edit, fix typos and language</p>
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<div>{{DEFAULTSORT:{{PAGENAME}}}}<br />
{{Installation navbar}}<br />
{{Intro|This article covers the methods and procedures for installing openSUSE over the network.}}<br />
{{Knowledge|<br />
* [[Portal:42.2|42.2]]<br />
* [[Portal:42.1|42.1]]<br />
|<br />
*[[SDB:Installation help]]<br />
|<br />
*[[Portal:Installation|Installation]]<br />
}}<br />
{{Intro|The following instructions depend on functions that are available only if you have booted in Legacy/MBR mode, '''NOT''' when booted in UEFI mode. The equivalent configuration steps when booted in UEFI mode must be done manually by editing the installation kernel's command-line at the GRUB screen, by following: [https://doc.opensuse.org/documentation/leap/startup/html/book.opensuse.startup/cha.boot_parameters.html#sec.boot_parameters.uefi The Boot Screen on Machines Equipped with UEFI].}}<br />
<br />
== Installing from the Internet ==<br />
Using the network ISO image, you can create a bootable CD or USB memory stick. You can find these ISO images at http://download.opensuse.org/distribution/leap/ or http://software.opensuse.org . Below are direct links:<br />
<br />
* [http://download.opensuse.org/distribution/leap/15.1/iso/openSUSE-Leap-15.1-NET-x86_64.iso 15.1 NET .iso]<br />
* [http://download.opensuse.org/distribution/leap/15.0/iso/openSUSE-Leap-15.0-NET-x86_64.iso 15.0 NET .iso]<br />
* [http://download.opensuse.org/distribution/leap/42.3/iso/openSUSE-Leap-42.3-NET-x86_64.iso 42.3 NET .iso]<br />
{|<br />
{{Screenshot step|<br />
===Boot screen===<br />
When you boot from your network-install medium, you will be presented with the following list: <br />
* Select '''Installation'''.<br />
* Press <code>[F2]</code> to choose the '''language''' and your '''keyboard layout'''.<br />
* Press <code>[F3]</code> to choose the '''screen resolution'''.<br />
|11.4 NET installer-list.png}}<br />
===Network configuration===<br />
{{Screenshot step|<br />
====Automatic====<br />
By default, the network is configured automatically using DHCP. This is appropriate for most users. In some cases, you might need:<br />
* Manual network configuration<br />
** Press <code>[F4]</code> and select '''Network Config'''.<br />
* To use a proxy, choose '''HTTP Proxy'''<br />
|11.4 NET installer-source.png}}<br />
{{Screenshot step|<br />
====Manual====<br />
On this screen, you can set the following options:<br />
* '''Host IP''': This is your own unique network address.<br />
* '''Netmask''': In most cases, this should be 255.255.255.0<br />
* '''Gateway''': The IP address of your router, which should use the same network mask. (In this case, 192.168.100.XXX)<br />
* '''Nameserver''': The address of the DNS server that resolves domain names (for example, "opensuse.org") to IP addresses. This might be your broadband router, or servers at your Internet provider.<br />
* '''Domain name''': If your network is in a domain, this option can be used. In most cases, this option can be omitted: leave the field blank.<br />
|11.4 NET installer-network.png}}<br />
{{Screenshot step|<br />
====Proxy configuration====<br />
For some networks, you might need to configure a proxy server. If your network uses a proxy server, enter its address here. Contact your network administrator for details. A username and password are usually not required.<br />
|11.4 NET installer-proxy.png}}<br />
|}<br />
<br />
When everything is set up correctly, you can start the installation. The installation program looks for the fastest available [[openSUSE:Mirrors|mirror]] automatically and retrieves the installation files from there. It then proceeds as described in [[SDB:DVD installation#Installation|DVD installation, step 1]], with the exception of the network configuration step. This is not needed, as the network is already configured and active at this point.<br />
----<br />
<br />
== Installing from a local network source ==<br />
<br />
* Boot the system and wait for the boot screen to appear.<br />
* Press <code>[F2]</code> to choose the '''language''' and your '''keyboard layout'''.<br />
* Press <code>[F3]</code> to choose the '''screen resolution'''.<br />
* Press <code>[F4]</code> and select the desired network protocol. FTP, HTTP, NFS, SMB/CIFS, and SLP (Service Location Protocol) are supported.<br />
* Provide the server's address and the path to the installation media:<br />
** http://download.opensuse.org/distribution/leap/15.0/repo/oss/<br />
** or a [http://mirrors.opensuse.org/ custom openSUSE mirror]. <br />
* Select '''Installation''' from the main boot menu and press <code>[Enter]</code> to continue.<br />
* The installation program automatically configures the network connection using DHCP. If automatic configuration fails, you will be prompted to enter the appropriate parameters.<br />
* The installation retrieves the installation data from the source specified.<br />
* The installation then proceeds as described in the [[:Category:SDB:Installation|step-by-step installation guide]] with the exception of the network configuration step needed prior to adding additional repositories. This step is not needed as the network is already configured and active at this point.<br />
<br />
----<br />
<br />
==Media-free network installation==<br />
<br />
If you are unable to create installation media, or the machine onto which you are installing does not support removable media, then it is possible to boot the machine directly from the network without any local media.<br />
<br />
This method has one '''important limitation'''. Only use it to add another, secondary Linux system to your computer. If a network installation is interrupted for any reason, you will need another locally-installed system to restart the installation. <br />
<br />
The idea is to boot the system using kernel and initd images published on the Internet or in a repository on the local network. Below is an example using the Leap 15.0 repositories of openSUSE. <br />
<br />
'''You must be the root user for this.'''<br />
<br />
===Get the kernel and initrd images===<br />
<pre><br />
mkdir /boot/install<br />
cd /boot/install<br />
wget http://download.opensuse.org/distribution/leap/15.0/repo/oss/boot/$(uname -i)/loader/linux <br />
wget http://download.opensuse.org/distribution/leap/15.0/repo/oss/boot/$(uname -i)/loader/initrd<br />
</pre><br />
There is no need to replace <tt>$(uname -i)</tt> — the command shell will replace it with your current architecture.<br />
===Edit <tt>/boot/grub/menu.lst</tt>===<br />
{{Intro|The following instructions are for GRUB Legacy, '''NOT''' GRUB2.}}<br />
This, however, requires some knowledge of [[GRUB]] configuration file <tt>/boot/grub/menu.lst</tt> format. If not sure, just add this at the end, so it will appear as the last item on the [[GRUB]] boot screen. <br />
<pre><br />
title install<br />
root (sdX,Y) # change this (sdX,Y) <br />
kernel /boot/install/oS-15.0.vmlinuz.install install=http://download.opensuse.org/distribution/openSUSE-stable/repo/oss/<br />
initrd /boot/install/oS-15.0.initrd.install<br />
</pre><br />
Change <tt>(sdX,Y)</tt> to whatever your setup requires, e.g. to the partition that was used in the previous entries to download the installation files.<br />
<br />
===Edit <tt>/boot/grub2/custom.cfg</tt>===<br />
{{Intro|The following instructions were tested only with UEFI GRUB2.}}<br />
This does require some knowledge of the [[GRUB|GRUB2]] configuration file <tt>/boot/grub2/custom.cfg</tt> format. If it doesn't already exist, create it using the following template: <br />
<pre><br />
menuentry "Rescue openSUSE 15.0 via HTTP" {<br />
search --no-floppy --label --set=root rootpartitionlabel<br />
linuxefi /os150/linux showopts install=http://download.opensuse.org/distribution/leap/15.0/repo/oss rescue=1 <br />
initrdefi /os150/initrd<br />
}<br />
</pre><br />
Change <tt>rootpartitionlabel</tt> to the label of your root partition. If you do not know, use the <tt>blkid</tt> command to find out. <br />
<br />
You will also need to substitute the actual location where you placed the <tt>linux</tt> and <tt>initrd</tt> files — <tt>/os150/</tt> in the example. <br />
<br />
The <tt>Rescue</tt> entry after <tt>menuentry</tt> is some descriptive text; this can be anything you like. The <tt>rescue=1</tt> entry on the <tt>linux</tt> line is only necessary if you wish to start a rescue boot. Omit it for a normal or upgrade installation. If you append <tt>upgrade=1</tt> to the <tt>linux</tt> line, then an upgrade installation will be started, which omits most of the questions asked during a normal installation.<br />
<br />
===Start the Installation===<br />
<br />
There are two ways to start the installation process:<br />
* Reboot the computer and choose your custom option on the GRUB boot screen. This works only if you edited GRUB as explained above. <br />
'''or'''<br />
* Use the kernel's bootloader emulation <tt>kexec</tt> and skip the hardware reboot. Make sure that package named ''kexec-tools'' is installed. Then: <br />
<pre> <br />
kexec -l /boot/install/oS-15.0.vmlinuz.install --initrd=/boot/install/oS-15.0.initrd.install<br />
kexec -e<br />
</pre><br />
The first command will load the installation kernel and initrd into memory, and the second will start the new kernel.<br />
<br />
Moments after issuing the <tt>kexec -e</tt> command, you will see the boot messages of the new installation kernel as it initializes.<br />
<br />
----<br />
<br />
== See also ==<br />
*[[SDB:Installation help|Installation help]]<br />
*[[SDB:Remote installation|Remote installation]] : how-to install openSUSE on a remote host<br />
*[[SDB:Linuxrc|Linuxrc]] runs before YaST starts and offers many options for further tweaking<br />
----<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
*[http://mirrors.opensuse.org/ openSUSE download mirrors list]<br />
<br />
[[Category:SDB:Installation 15.0]]<br />
[[Category:SDB:Installation 42.3]]<br />
[[Category:SDB:Installation 42.2]]<br />
[[Category:SDB:Installation 42.1]]<br />
[[Category:SDB:Network]]<br />
<br />
[[de:SDB:Netzwerk_Installation]]<br />
[[es:SDB:Instalar openSUSE desde la red]]<br />
[[fr:SDB:Installation_réseau]]<br />
[[it:SDB:Network installation]]<br />
[[ja:SDB:ネットワークインストール]]<br />
[[ru:SDB:Установка по сети]]<br />
[[zh:SDB:网络安装方式]]</div>Lproven